植物丝氨酸:乙醛酸氨基转移酶研究进展

在植物、动物、微生物的细胞内普遍存在丝氨酸：乙醛酸氨基转移酶,在高等植物中此酶是过氧化物酶体中的标志性酶,在植物的整个生命活动中起着重要的作用。对植物中丝氨酸：乙醛酸氨基转移酶的研究进展进行了综述。     

家蚕丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因serpin-6在不同发育时期的表达分析

丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(serpin)是一类具有重要生理调控功能的蛋白酶超家族。为研究家蚕serpin-6基因(Bmserpin-6)在蚕体内的功能,利用半定量RT-PCR方法,分析该基因mRNA在家蚕不同发育时期的转录水平。Bmserpin-6基因在家蚕各个发育阶段均有表达,在4龄眠期、5龄6d、吐丝48h(化蛹前)和化蛹6d的转录水平较高,在5龄4d、吐丝初期和蛹末期的转录水平较低。Bmserpin-6基因在5龄期家蚕精巢和卵巢中的表达均呈现先下降后上升的趋势。研究结果表明,Bmserpin-6基因mRNA的转录具有明显的时空特异性,推测其在家蚕不同的变态发育期执行不同的功能。     

大豆2-甲基-6-植基-1,4-苯醌甲基转移酶基因(Gm VTE3)的克隆及对转基因烟草种子中生育酚组成的影响

【目的】克隆大豆2-甲基-6-植基-1,4-苯醌甲基转移酶基因(GmVTE3),研究其在烟草中过量表达对转基因烟草种子中生育酚(维生素E)组分的影响。【方法】利用EST拼接和RT-PCR技术,从大豆中分离了大豆2-甲基-6-植基-1,4-苯醌甲基转移酶(VTE3)的全长cDNA序列,通过烟草转化研究过量表达VTE3对转基因植株维生素E组分的影响。【结果】GmVTE3全长1026bp,编码342个氨基酸,与其它物种的VTE3氨基酸同源性很高,在烟草中过量表达该基因使烟草种子中γ-生育酚与δ-生育酚的比值最高增加2倍。【结论】首次克隆了大豆2-甲基-6-植基-1,4-苯醌甲基转移酶基因GmVTE3,它能够催化烟草植株中2-甲基-6-植基-1,4-苯醌(MPBQ)的甲基化,从而改变烟草种子中生育酚的组成成分。说明可以利用克隆的GmVTE3来改变植物种子中生育酚的组成和提高α-生育酚的含量。     

Dietary methionine source and level affect hepatic sulfur amino acid metabolism of broiler breeder hens

A study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary methionine source and level on plasma free amino acids patterns and the expression of genes involved in hepatic methionine metabolism in broiler breeders. A total of 2184 broiler breeders were assigned to 13 dietary treatments, with eight replicates per treatment. The 13 treatments included one control group and 12 additional treatments employing two sources and six levels (0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 1.00%). Higher plasma methionine concentration was measured for DL‐methionine (DLM) treated hens. Plasma alanine concentration was linearly increased as DLM or 2‐hydroxy‐4‐(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMTBA) supplementation level increased. There was a linear increase in concentrations of tyrosine, valine, glycine and serine as dietary DLM supplementation level increased. Hens treated with DLM had higher relative expression of ADA than those fed HMTBA. The expression of MS, ADA, SAHH and MAT2A changed quadratically as HMTBA supplementation level increased, while the expression of GNMT and SAHH changed quadratically as DLM supplementation level increased. In conclusion, the effects of HMTBA on plasma free amino acid patterns and the expression of hepatic genes involved with methionine are different from DLM.     

拟南芥γ-生育酚甲基转移酶启动子在转基因烟草中的表达特性分析

γ-生育酚甲基转移酶（γ-TMT）是维生素E生物合成途径中的关键酶之一,催化γ、δ-生育酚甲基化,生成活性较高的α、β-生育酚。研究构建了含有γ-TMT启动子和GUS报告基因的植物表达载体,通过农杆菌介导转化烟草,筛选出PCR阳性植株,进行GUS组织化学染色,结果表明,在γ-TMT启动子的驱动下,报告基因GUS在烟草的根、茎、叶中均有表达。     

拟南芥2-甲基-6-叶绿基-1,4-苯醌甲基转移酶启动子在转基因烟草中的表达特性分析

通过对报告基因GUS产物的分析进行了拟南芥2-甲基-6-叶绿基-1,4-苯醌甲基转移酶（MPBQ MT）启动子在转基因烟草中的表达特性的初步研究。构建含该启动子和GUS报告基因的植物表达载体,通过农杆菌介导转化烟草,对转基因烟草进行GUS组织化学染色和GUS荧光定量分析该启动子表达特性。GUS在转基因烟草的根和种子中基本不表达,茎上有一定表达,叶上表达量最高,约是茎的4.7~10.9倍。结果表明MPBQ MT基因启动子主要在烟草绿色组织中特异性高表达。     

C_(60)-D-氨基葡萄糖衍生物的制备及其抗氧化性的研究

在非均相碱性体系中,合成了C60-D-氨基葡萄糖衍生物,用FT-IR和1HNMR对产物的结构进行了表征。考察了C60-D-氨基葡萄糖衍生物的超氧阴离子清除能力、羟基自由基清除能力、还原能力以及金属螯合能力。结果表明:C60-氨基葡萄糖衍生物对超氧阴离子自由基O2-.和羟基自由基.OH的半抑制浓度分别是0.42mg/mL和0.26mg/mL;在还原能力体系中当吸光度达到0.5时,所需C60-D-氨基葡萄糖衍生物的浓度是2.44mg/mL;在金属螯合能力体系中,C60-D-氨基葡萄糖衍生物对亚铁离子的半螯合浓度是0.013mg/mL;即表明C60-D-氨基葡萄糖衍生物在4个抗氧化体系中都表现出明显的抗氧化性。并且D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐在4个体系中表现出的抗氧化能力都不强,说明C60-D-氨基葡萄糖衍生物的抗氧化能力可能主要来自于C60上保留下来的双键。     

cDNA Cloning of Goat DNA Methyltransferase 1,Screening of shRNA Vectors and Influences to Development of Nuclear Transfer Embryos

This study was designed to clone cDNA of goat DNA methyltransferase 1（DNMT1） gene,to screen an effective shRNAproducing vector targeting goat DNA methyltransferase 1 and to improve the developmental competence of goat nuclear transfer embryos by decreasing the DNMT1 expression in donor cells.In this study,PCR primers were designed against regions of high homology between bovine and sheep sequences and then used to amplify the larger portions of the coding regions.Next,3 RNAi oligonucleotides were designed based on the cloned sequences and inserted into pRNAT-U6.1/Neo vector,acquiring 3 new vectors,respectively termed pRNAD1,pRNAD2 and pRNAD3.Then the positive cells were sorted by flow cytometry after transfection and detected by real-time PCR analysis and sodium bisulfite genomic sequencing.Finally,the developmental rates of nuclear transfer（NT） embryos generated using donor cells with and without the effective shRNA vector respectively,as well as in vitro fertilization（IVF） embryos were observed and recorded.The results showed that the coding regions of goat DNA methyltransferase 1 gene was successfully cloned（GenBank no.FJ617538）.Furthermore,an effective interfering shRNA（pRNAD2） was obtained,with its interference effect being 47.88%.Finally,NT embryos with shRNA vector harbored better developmental competence during morula and blastocyst stage compared to controls（P 〈 0.05）,reaching the similar rates to IVF embryos（P 〉 0.05）.In conclusion,goat DNA methyltransferase 1 gene cDNA was cloned and sequenced,an effective shRNA vector responsible for inhibiting DNA methyltransferase 1 expression was developed and the developmental competence of goat nuclear transfer morulae and blastcysts was significantly improved,which provided a feasible pathway for improving goat nuclear transfer embryo development competence by decreasing the methylation level in donor cells through RNAi-mediated manner.     

电渗析可变电荷土壤中氢氧根离子的释放与氯离子吸附的关系

The release of hydroxyl ions from two variable charge soils associaed with the adsorption of chloride in NaClO4 solutions was examined.The complete release required about 10 minutes The release decreased with the increase in the NaClO4 concentration at first and eventually was little affected by the latter.The adsorption of Cl^-1 was almost linearly related with the quantity of NaCl added to the system,while the OH^- release-NaCl curve varied with the soil type and the concentration of NaClO4.The logarithm of the quantity of released OH^- was linearly related with the pH ,The ratio of release OH^- to adsorbed Cl^- was larger in dilute NaClO4 solutions than in concentrated solutions and decreased with increasing NaCl.